This policy brief identifies the key challenges and prospects for strengthening wastewater monitoring and surveillance systems for COVID-19 and other infectious diseases, with a particular focus on low- and middle-income countries. Recommendations: • Implement wastewater-based tools and strengthen technical capabilities and cost- effective mechanisms to integrate existing clinical testing with wastewater surveillance systems. • Improve governance frameworks to establish and strengthen wastewater surveillance systems. • Strengthen public–private coordination to enhance data sharing and interpretation for efficient, supportable, and stable wastewater surveillance while maintaining ethical standards.

4 p.

2409-3017